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Question & answer ❓
1. What is the principle of superposition of forces?
The principle of superposition states that when multiple forces act on a charge, the total force is the sum of all individual forces acting on that charge. This means each force acts independently of the others, and the net force is their combined effect.
2. State Coulomb’s Law and give its mathematical expression.
Coulomb’s Law describes the force between two charged objects. It states that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
3. Define electric field intensity and derive its expression for a point charge.
Electric field intensity at a point is the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at that point. It describes the influence a charge exerts in the space around it.
4. What is an electric dipole?
Derive the expression for the electric field along the axial line of a dipole.An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. The electric field due to a dipole is stronger along the line extending from the dipole (the axial line) than it is in other directions.
5. State Gauss’s Law and apply it to derive the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
Gauss’s Law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the charge enclosed by that surface. For an infinite plane sheet with uniform charge distribution, the electric field is constant and does not depend on the distance from the sheet.
6. Explain the concept of electric flux and provide its mathematical expression.
Electric flux represents the number of electric field lines passing through a given area. It depends on the strength of the electric field, the area, and the orientation of the field relative to the area.
7. What is the significance of the electric field lines?
Mention their properties.Electric field lines visually represent the direction and strength of an electric field. They originate from positive charges and terminate on negative charges, never cross each other, and their density indicates the field’s strength.
8. Derive the expression for the potential energy of a system of two charges.
The potential energy of a system of two charges depends on their positions relative to each other. If they are like charges, they repel, and the potential energy is positive. If they are opposite charges, they attract, and the potential energy is negative.
9. Define capacitance and derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
Capacitance is a measure of a capacitor’s ability to store charge per unit voltage. It depends on the size of the plates, the distance between them, and the material between the plates.
10. What is the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged spherical shell?
For a point outside a uniformly charged spherical shell, the electric field behaves as if all the charge were concentrated at the center of the shell. Inside the shell, the electric field is zero.
11. Derive the expression for the torque on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.
An electric dipole in a uniform electric field experiences a torque that tries to align the dipole with the field. The strength of this torque depends on the dipole moment and the angle between the dipole and the field.
12. What is the potential at a point due to a point charge ?
electric potential at a point due to a point charge depends on the charge’s magnitude and the distance from the charge to the point. It represents the work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
13. Explain the principle of a Van de Graaff generator.
A Van de Graaff generator is a device that creates high voltages by transferring charge to a hollow metal sphere using a moving belt. It uses the principles of electrostatic induction and charge accumulation.
14. Calculate the electric field due to a dipole at an equatorial point.
The electric field at a point on the equatorial line of a dipole is weaker than at points along the axial line. This field depends on the dipole moment and the distance from the dipole.
15. Explain the concept of electric shielding.
Electric shielding occurs when a conductor prevents external electric fields from affecting its interior. The charges on the conductor’s surface rearrange themselves to cancel out the internal field.
16. Derive the expression for the energy stored in a capacitor
.The energy stored in a capacitor is due to the work done in storing charge on its plates. This energy depends on the amount of charge, the capacitance of the capacitor, and the voltage applied.
17. What is a dipole moment?
How is it calculated?A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a system. It is calculated as the product of the charge and the distance between the charges.
18. What is the electric field inside a conductor?
The electric field inside a conductor in equilibrium is zero because the charges within the conductor move to its surface, canceling any internal electric field.
19. Explain the concept of quantization of charge.
Charge is quantized, meaning it exists in discrete, indivisible units called elementary charges. The charge on any object is always an integer multiple of the elementary charge.
20. What is the principle of a capacitor?
Explain the working of a parallel plate capacitor.A capacitor stores electrical energy in the electric field created between two conductive plates separated by an insulating material. The parallel plate capacitor is a simple and common type, where the amount of energy stored depends on the plate area, separation distance, and the insulating material
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